Understanding oxygen and solubility - soluble linked to solute and also solutions think solube liquid mixed with other chemicals to form a solution - Difference between gas and liquids also atmospheric pressure and avalanches compacted snow also Bone conduction hear sounds through the skull when ear canal blocked also infrasonic sounds is how some mammals or animals talk to each other and such sounds are below human hearing

The clues with advancing technology is actually in language and definitions - defining terms important to foster understanding, break complex topics down and foster progress, chart a clear trajectory and move or propel more people forward in their thinking. Progress comes from breaking down and simplicity.

Oxygen usually comes in tanks on the back of divers underwater and human divers breathe through a mouth piece - police have divers to fetch bodies fallen into rivers or bodies that have got swept away. Also divers may use breathing apparatus and oxygen underwater to examine coral reefs also examine or look more closely at plankton.

Plankton is microscopic plants and perform photosynthesis to convert the sun's rays into energy to support them, and they take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Plankton can be found in saltwater and freshwater. One way to tell if a body of water has a large plankton population is to look at its clarity. Very clear water usually has less plankton than water that is more green or brown in color.

Oxygen tanks tend to not be used with scuba diving gear which is self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) - that involves a mask and a tube which comes into contact with the surface of the water. Scuba divers tend to not dive deep into the depths of the water.

Oxygen tanks used for those human divers that go diving at deep depths and cavers those who dive into caves have to use string to find their way back out. Cave diving is dangerous and divers can easily get disorientated. It can be dark and murky in caves - need for head lamps, torches and also need to follow a string to get back out of the cave. Mexico actually has the world's largest cave network.

Five factors that affect solubility

Solubility depends on temperature and pressure - think diving underwater human divers may experience pressure problems and may require to go into a hyperbaric chamber.

The air pressure inside is raised to a level that is higher than normal air pressure. The increased air pressure in the chamber helps the lungs collect more oxygen. Lungs are for breathing and humans cannot breathe underwater without an oxygen tank.

Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gas chemical substance - substances are also called solvents. Think solvents think solving and forming solutions - mixing together different chemicals may produce different results also different solutions, chemical reactions can occur from mixing chemicals. Dissolving something in a solid, liquid or gas links also to solubility or a solution. Think iodine is typically a substance from science which may be placed in a test tube. Topical iodine is used to prevent and treat infections that may occur in minor scrapes and cuts.

Iodine changes colour in water. This trick works because iodine is brown when dissolved in water and purple when dissolved in oil. Pure iodine is violet, but when it's dissolved in water, it accepts an electron from the oxygen atom, affecting how it absorbs light.

Iodine linked to also electrons.

• Temperature and solubility increases with temperature - chemicals, mixing chemicals to form solutions happens and liquids can change with varying temperature From Ice to Fire is the Incredible Science of Temperature from the BBC - https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09rzq05. Think hot laiths mould metal, also ice melts with warmer temperatures. Furnaces involve intense heat - components can melt so they need to withstand intense heat. Heat resistant is a term often associated with pans and cooking in the kitchen - pans usually stainless steel or metal.
• Polarity - solutes dissolve in solvents that have a similar polarity. Polarity linked to batteries think the plus and the negative - the negative side usually flat and the positive has raised bumps on a typical standard battery like AA or even C. Polarity and solvents linked also to battery acid and the acid of a battery is the solvent or solute. Battery acid is fluid and batteries can leak fluid think a car battery. Electric vehicles all have betteries - every car has a battery but in electric vehicles a charge is stored in Direct Current and the charge is linked to motion of the vehicle. Batteries must be high capacity and able to store a charge for a long period to enable transport over a significant distance such as to move freight, goods or food stuffs between cities.
• Polar molecules - Sugars (for example glucose) and salts are polar molecules, and they dissolve in water, because the positive and negative parts of the two types of molecules can distribute themselves comfortably among one another.
• Pressure - Solid versus liquid, in the real world consider glass which can broken into shards versus plastic which is made of paper fibres that get spun. Liquids go into plastic and glass bottles but solids may go in plastic or cardboard boxes recall also tupperware plastic also recall cardboard cereal boxes. Recall cardboard boxes are 3-dimentional and are linked to shape and folding. Sealed containers create pressure - holes enable air to escape also enable water to drain. Shape and folding links to spatial awareness, maths and also it links to intellectual abilities and IQ Intelligent Quotient. Individuals will have a higher IQ if they can understand spatial awareness and understand different perspectives linked to folding and shape.
• Molecular size - Molecules are like modules really and are made up of one or more atoms. If they contain more than one atom, the atoms can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Describing a molecule is really a way of thinking or grouping related atom concepts together.
• Stirring increases the speed of dissolving - think crush a tablet and stir it in a liquid to give medicine to children also think stirring soup to mix in vegetables with crutons.
• Vapour pressure is dependent on temperature - for vapourisation to take effect, changing or altering temperature is how vapour changes.

Difference between gas and liquids also atmospheric pressure and avalanches compacted snow

Liquids have less force of attraction between molecules than solids and more than gases. Liquids more powerful than gases recall water flow and water out the tap also pressure also recall a waterfall can be forceful. Gas can be invisible but you may smell it - gas can also be odurless when there are nowt issues. A solid object can block an object - planet Earth has oceans and rivers but we cannot move mountains.

Mountains and mountain peaks can really extend far up above ground high up into the atmosphere recall atmospheric pressure also air might be thinner higher up and less oxygen is available higher up the mountain. Mountains where there is snowfall may have avalanches. An avalanche is a powerful rush of densely packed snow down the mountainside - think high pressure coming down the mountain all at once.

Barometers measure atmospheric pressure or the barometer is the instrument that measures pressure outside in the atmosphere - 970 millibars equates to Very stormy, 1000 or one thousand millibars equates to Rain, 1040 millibars equates to Fair in terms of weather and 1060 millibars equates to Very Dry this is very warm weather.

According to Henry's law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to pressure of gas.

Henry's Law equates to the solution of gas being placed in a liquid. Gases disolve in liquids they disappear when combined with liquid. Water pipes are different from gas pipelines - gas is invisible but instruments can detect gas give gas readings to check and ensure they are within a given range for safety's sake.

Gas in a liquid is still equal to the pressure of gas in a gas pipeline. This is Henry's Law really or the law known as Henry's Law from the world of physics.

A gas explosion occurs when there is a gas leak in the presence of a spark or flame.

Raolt's law linked to vapor pressure also more predictable and consistent energy transfer which allows for more precision and better control and regulation

Think solvent also think solvent abuse also think vaping the new smoking where electronic cigarettes produce vapour.

Raoult's law linked to solvent molecules. A Solvent is like a substance someone may abuse. The pure solvant maybe nicotine in the case of electronic cigarettes uses the same amount of energy for the solveant molecules to move away from the surface so energy transfer is symmetrical in a sense.

Energy transfer is homeogenous in other words or the force of energy is consistent. With more consistent energy transfer, energy transfer is more predictable which allows for more precision and better control and regulation.

Bone conduction hear sounds through the skull when ear canal blocked also infrasonic sounds is how some mammals or animals talk to each other and such sounds are below human hearing

Bone conduction is the conduction of sound to mainly the inner ear through the bones of the skull enabling the listener or hearer to listen or perceive audio or sound content without blocking the ear canal.

24th August 2022 BBC News Technology Clip-on tech turns spectacles into smart audio glasses mentions bone conduction and infrasonic sounds - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/technology-62506346

Rhinos, hippos, elephants, whales, octopuses, pigeons, squid, cuttlefish, cod, Guinea fowl communicate via infrasonic sounds.

Infrasonic sounds are below 20 Hertz also below the threshold of hearing for the human ear or below the threshold of hearing for human perception. Higher pitch sounds can likely be heard by younger people - when people get older the high pitch frequencies can be less easily interpreted but deeper bass sounds like vibrations may be heard by more people.

Deaf people may feel vibrations and those with poor sight may use echo location where sounds bounce off objects and the vibrations enable those with low visian to feel their surroundings and navigate or get around.

Sweden example for nuclear waste storage - store below 8 metres of water

BBC News 30th August 2022 - UK looks to Sweden for a solution to nuclear waste - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-62677534

It is an oddly beautiful and rather disturbing sight. Row upon row of long metal containers, filled with used nuclear fuel from the country's reactors, lie below the surface near Oskarshamn, on Sweden's Baltic coast.

Lethal, because this material is intensely radioactive; safe, because it sits beneath 8m of water, a very effective barrier against radiation.

Waste can be kept like this for decades. In fact, it needs to be.

Intense radioactivity generates a great deal of heat, and this kind of material has to be cooled for long periods before it can be removed for storage.